Computers with BLE support can also be central devices.
It can also be programmed to be an iBeacon, to allow iOS apps know they are near a specific beacon. When your Particle device is configured as a peripheral, it might be attached to a sensor and provide that information to a mobile app.
Particle devices support both the peripheral and central roles: Bluetooth is used to configure your device from the Particle mobile apps for iOS and Android, and Bluetooth LE (BLE) can be used in your firmware to communicate with other devices that support BLE. Gen 3 devices (Argon, Boron, Xenon) support Bluetooth.